Centro Internacional De Mejoramiento De Maiz Y Trigo Df

MAIZE AND WHEAT SCIENCE FOR IMPROVED LIVELIHOODS.

SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION PROGRAM (SIP)SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION AGRICULTURE PRACTICES ARE AIMED AT ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF LABOR, LAND AND CAPITAL. THEY OFFER THE POTENTIAL TO SIMULTANEOUSLY ADDRESS A NUMBER OF PRESSING DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, INCLUDING UNLOCKING THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL TO ADAPT PRODUCTION SYSTEMS TO CLIMATE CHANGE, SUSTAINABLY MANAGE LAND, SOIL, NUTRIENT AND WATER RESOURCES, IMPROVE FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY, AND ULTIMATELY REDUCE RURAL POVERTY. IMPROVED PRODUCTIVITY CAN INCREASE FOOD AVAILABILITY AND INCOME, BENEFITTING THE LIVELIHOODS OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS, NATURAL RESOURCE INTEGRITY, SOCIAL EQUITY, NUTRITION, HEALTH AND RESILIENCE AGAINST BIOPHYSICAL OR SOCIO-ECONOMIC SHOCKS. (CONTINUED IN SCHEDULE O)SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION PROGRAM (SIP)(CONTINUED FROM PART III)SMALLHOLDER FARMING SYSTEMS ARE DIVERSE AND COMPLEX. IN PRACTICE, SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION INVOLVES SUCH CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE PRACTICES AS MINIMAL SOIL DISTURBANCE, PERMANENT SOIL COVER AND THE USE OF CROP ROTATION TO SIMULTANEOUSLY MAINTAIN AND BOOST YIELDS, INCREASE PROFITS AND PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT. IT CONTRIBUTES TO IMPROVED SOIL FUNCTION AND QUALITY, WHICH CAN IMPROVE RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE VARIABILITY. THROUGH THE LENS OF SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION, TECHNICAL INNOVATIONS ARE ASSESSED NOT ONLY FOR THEIR POTENTIAL TO INCREASE THE PRODUCTIVITY OF A SINGLE COMMODITY, BUT ALSO FOR THEIR IMPACT ON OVERALL FARM PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY, STABILITY, PRODUCTION AND MARKET RISKS, RESILIENCE, AS WELL AS THE INTERESTS AND CAPACITY OF INDIVIDUAL FARMERS TO ADOPT THOSE INNOVATIONS.DURING 2021, THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM (IDP) AND SUSTAINABLE INTENSIFICATION PROGRAM (SIP) HAVE GRADUALLY FUSED INTO A SINGLE PROGRAM CALLED SUSTAINABLE AGRIFOOD SYSTEMS (SAS). THIS FUSION WAS COMPLETED BY THE END OF 2021.

GLOBAL WHEAT PROGRAM (GWP)THROUGH ITS GLOBAL WHEAT PROGRAM, CIMMYT COLLABORATES WITH NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, NON-GOVERNMENTAL AND COMMUNITY-BASED ORGANIZATIONS, SEED SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS, REGIONAL RESEARCH NETWORKS, PRIVATE COMPANIES, ADVANCED RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER DEFINED CGIAR CENTERS, TO PROVIDE FARMERS THE BEST SEED, AGRONOMY, TRAINING AND INFORMATION NEEDED TO INCREASE YIELDS. WHEAT PROVIDES 20 PERCENT OF THE CALORIES AND PROTEIN PEOPLE CONSUME GLOBALLY. (CONTINUED IN SCHEDULE O)GLOBAL WHEAT PROGRAM (GWP)(CONTINUED FROM PART III)AN ESTIMATED 80 MILLION FARMERS IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD RELY ON WHEAT FOR THEIR LIVELIHOODS. DEMAND FOR WHEAT BY 2050 IS PREDICTED TO INCREASE BY 70 PERCENT FROM TODAY'S LEVELS DUE TO POPULATION GROWTH AND DIETARY CHANGES, BUT THE CHALLENGES TO WHEAT PRODUCTION ARE STARK AND GROWING. THE CROP IS AT RISK FROM NEW AND MORE AGGRESSIVE PESTS AND DISEASES, DIMINISHING WATER RESOURCES, LIMITED AVAILABLE LAND AND UNSTABLE WEATHER CONDITIONS RELATED TO CLIMATE CHANGE.SINCE IT'S FOUNDING BY THE LATE U.S. SCIENTIST AND NOBEL PEACE PRIZE LAUREATE, NORMAN BORLAUG, CIMMYT'S GLOBAL WHEAT PROGRAM HAS PROVIDED ELITE BREEDING LINES, THROUGH ITS SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL NURSERIES, TO NATIONAL BREEDING PROGRAMS AROUND THE WORLD. THESE WHEAT LINES HAVE BEEN PUT THROUGH CIMMYT'S RIGOROUS SHUTTLE BREEDING SYSTEM, WHICH TESTS THEM IN DIFFERENT LOCATIONS AND CLIMATE CONDITIONS. MORE THAN HALF OF THE WHEAT AREA IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES IS SOWN WITH EITHER STRAIGHT CIMMYT INTRODUCTIONS OR DERIVED FROM CROSSES WITH CIMMYT LINES. IN ADDITION TO IMPROVING BREAD AND DURUM WHEAT, THE CIMMYT GLOBAL WHEAT PROGRAM USES WILD RELATIVES OF WHEAT TO INTRODUCE TRAITS SUCH AS DROUGHT TOLERANCE AND IMPROVED NUTRITIONAL QUALITY. CIMMYT'S WHEAT MOLECULAR MARKER LABORATORY DEVELOPS TOOLS AND INFORMATION THAT BREEDERS AROUND THE WORLD ARE USING TO IMPROVE DISEASE RESISTANCE, AMONG OTHER TRAITS. CIMMYT'S WHEAT QUALITY LABORATORY ENSURES THAT CIMMYT WHEAT VARIETIES MEET MARKET DEMANDS FOR FLOUR AND BREAD QUALITY. THE GLOBAL WHEAT PROGRAM WORKS WITH MORE THAN 200 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND BREEDING INSTITUTIONS, INCLUDING THE INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURE RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS (ICARDA) AND THE CGIAR RESEARCH PROGRAM ON WHEAT.

GLOBAL MAIZE PROGRAM (GMP)CIMMYT DEVELOPS AND DEPLOYS MAIZE GERMPLASM WITH HIGH YIELD, STRESS RESILIENCE AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY FOR OVER 600 MILLION MAIZE-DEPENDENT PEOPLE, INCLUDING ABOUT 120 MILLION MALNOURISHED CHILDREN IN AFRICA, LATIN AMERICA AND ASIA. THE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT TEAM FOCUSES ON DEVELOPING GERMPLASM WITH TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT, HEAT, POOR SOIL FERTILITY, WATERLOGGING, ACIDITY, DISEASES, INSECT PESTS AND PARASITIC WEEDS, IN PARTNERSHIP WITH AN ARRAY OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS.(CONTINUED SCHEDULE O)GLOBAL MAIZE PROGRAM (GMP)(CONTINUED FROM PART III)TRAIT PIPELINE WORK INCLUDES IDENTIFICATION, VALIDATION AND DEPLOYMENT OF MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR KEY TRAITS, AND IMPLEMENTATION OF MARKER-ASSISTED RECURRENT SELECTION AND GENOMIC SELECTION FOR INCREASING GENETIC GAINS IN TROPICAL MAIZE GERMPLASM. THE PROGRAM ALSO UNDERTAKES STRATEGIC RESEARCH ON DOUBLED HAPLOID TECHNOLOGY FOR THE TROPICS, FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT OF HOMOZYGOUS PARENTAL LINES, AND OFFERS RELATED DEVELOPMENT SERVICE TO NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS AND SMALL-AND MEDIUM-ENTERPRISE SEED COMPANIES. THIS WORK PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN FACILITATING THE DEPLOYMENT OF IMPROVED MAIZE SEED IN THE TROPICS, ESPECIALLY TARGETING WOMEN FARMERS AND DISADVANTAGED GROUPS TO MAXIMIZE IMPACT. WORK INCLUDES IDENTIFICATION OF EASY-TO-PRODUCE, BEST-BET HYBRIDS AND IMPROVED OPEN-POLLINATED VARIETIES, SEED PRODUCTION RESEARCH AND RECOMMENDATIONS, PROMOTING SCALE-UP AND DELIVERY OF NEW AND PROMISING PRODUCTS THROUGH SEED COMPANY PARTNERS.